Petroleum production in Canada is a major industry which is important to the economy of North America. Canada has the third largest oil reserves in the world and is the world’s fourth largest oil producer and fourth largest oil exporter. In 2017 it produced an average of 667,747 cubic metres per day (4.2 Mbbl/d) of crude oil and equivalent. Of that amount, 64% was upgraded and non-upgraded bitumen from oil sands, and the remainder light crude oil, heavy crude oil and natural-gas condensate.[1] Most of Canadian petroleum production is exported, approximately 3.8 million barrels per day in 2019, with 98% of the exports going to the United States.[1] Canada is by far the largest single source of oil imports to the United States, providing 43% of US crude oil imports in 2015.[2]
The petroleum industry in Canada is also referred to as the “Canadian Oil Patch”; the term refers especially to upstream operations (exploration and production of oil and gas), and to a lesser degree to downstream operations (refining, distribution, and selling of oil and gas products). In 2005, almost 25,000 new oil wells were spudded (drilled) in Canada. Daily, over 100 new wells are spudded in the province of Alberta alone.[3] Although Canada is one of the largest oil producers and exporters in the world, it also imports significant amounts of oil into its eastern provinces since its oil pipelines do not extend all the way across the country and many of its oil refineries cannot handle the types of oil its oil fields produce. In 2017 Canada imported 405,700 bbl/day (barrels per day) and exported 1,115,000 bbl/day of refined petroleum products.[4][5]
Contents
- 1History
- 2Major players
- 3Divisions
- 3.1Alberta
- 3.1.1Oil sands
- 3.1.2Oil fields
- 3.1.3Oil upgraders
- 3.1.4Oil pipelines
- 3.1.5Oil refineries
- 3.1.6Other oil-related activities
- 3.2Saskatchewan
- 3.2.1Oil fields
- 3.2.2Oil upgraders
- 3.2.3Oil refineries
- 3.3Newfoundland and Labrador
- 3.3.1Oil fields
- 3.3.2Oil refinery
- 3.4British Columbia
- 3.4.1Oil refineries
- 3.5Manitoba
- 3.6Northern Canada (onshore)
- 3.7Northern Canada (offshore)
- 3.8Eastern Canada (onshore)
- 3.8.1Oil fields
- 3.8.2Oil pipelines
- 3.8.3Oil refineries
- 3.9Eastern Canada (offshore)
- 4Long-term outlook
- 4.1Oil fields of Canada
- 5Upstream, midstream and downstream components of Canadian petroleum industry
- 5.1Upstream
- 5.2Midstream
- 5.3Downstream
- 5.3.1Crude oil
- 6Export capacity
- 6.1Getting to tidewater
- 6.2Pipeline versus rail debate
- 6.2.1Costs
- 7Regulatory agencies in Canada
- 7.1Natural Resources Canada (NRCan)
- 7.2National Energy Board
- 7.3Provincial regulatory agencies
- 8See also
- 9References
- 9.1Further reading
- 10External links
History[edit]
Main article: History of the petroleum industry in Canada
The Canadian petroleum industry developed in parallel with that of the United States. The first oil well in Canada was dug by hand (rather than drilled) in 1858 by James Miller Williams near his asphalt plant at Oil Springs, Ontario. At a depth of 4.26 metres (14.0 ft)[6] he struck oil, one year before “Colonel” Edwin Drake drilled the first oil well in the United States.[7] Williams later went on to found “The Canadian Oil Company” which qualified as the world’s first integrated oil company. Also, twelve years before in 1846 was drilled the first oil well in the world in Baku settlement Bibi-Heybat on the South Caucasus.
Petroleum production in Ontario expanded rapidly, and practically every significant producer became his own refiner. By 1864, 20 refineries were operating in Oil Springs and seven in Petrolia, Ontario. However, Ontario’s status as an important oil producer did not last long. By 1880 Canada was a net importer of oil from the United States.
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https://www.facebook.com/groups/940644930111998
