The military career of Napoleon Bonaparte spanned over 20 years. As emperor, he led the French armies in the Napoleonic Wars. Widely regarded as a military genius and one of the finest commanders in history, his wars and campaigns have been studied at military schools worldwide. He fought more than 70 battles, losing only eight, mostly at the end.[1] The great French dominion collapsed rapidly after the disastrous invasion of Russia in 1812. Napoleon was defeated in 1814 and exiled to the island of Elba, before returning and was finally defeated in 1815 at Waterloo. He spent his remaining days in British custody on the remote island of St. Helena.[2]
Contents
- 1Early career
- 2Battles
- 2.1Victories
- 2.2Defeats
- 2.3Indecisive
- 3Battle record summary
- 4Notes
- 5Further reading
Early career[edit]
Napoleon’s early career is well covered.[3][4] The most thorough coverage of his campaigns is by David G. Chandler.[5]
1769
August 15 — Born Nabulione di Buonaparte in Ajaccio, Corsica
1778
December 15 — Leaves Corsica for mainland France
1779
January 1 — Enters a religious school at Autun
May 15 — Enters cadet school at Brienne-le-Château
1784
October 30 — Enters the École Militaire in Paris
1785
September 1 — Graduates from the École Militaire and is commissioned as 2nd Lieutenant of Artillery
October 30 — Reports to first posting with the La Fère Artillery Regiment at Valence-sur-Rhône
1786
September 1 — Goes to Corsica on long furlough until June 1788
1788
June — Rejoins his regiment at Auxonne, attached to the School of Artillery
1789
September 15 — Goes on second leave to Corsica, becomes involved in revolutionary activities and attempts to gain favour with Pasquale Paoli
1791
February 10 — Returns from Corsica to regimental duty at Auxonne
April 1 — Promoted to 1st Lieutenant
September 1 — Third furlough to Corsica
1792
February 6 — Promoted to Captain (antedated)
April 1 — Elected Lieutenant Colonel of the 2nd Battalion, Corsican Volunteers. Is implicated in a riot in Ajaccio
May 28 — Returns to Paris, instead of rejoining his regiment
September 15 — Escorts his sister, Elisa, back to Corsica
1793
February 22–25 — Commands artillery during an abortive French landing on Maddalena Island, Sardinia
March 3 — Breaks with Paoli, blaming the failed landing on him
June 13 — Arrives with his family in Toulon, having been banished from Corsica by Paoli
August 27 — Toulon handed over to the British by Royalists
September 16 — Given command of the artillery besieging Toulon
October 18 — Promoted to Major
December 17–19 — Leads the successful recapture of Toulon from the British and Royalists
December 22 — Promoted to Brigadier General.
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